Kojic Acid Crystal (part 3)

Kojic acid crystal (40x magnification)

Kojic acid crystal (10x magnification)

Kojic acid under light microscope

Kojic Acid Crystal (part 2)

Kojic acid crystal (through eyepiece)

Kojic acid crystal (10x magnification)

10x magnification (screen monitor)

Kojic acid crystal on petri dish

Whitish yellow kojic acid crystal

Kojic Acid Crystal (part 1)

Kojic acid crystal in bottle (before purification)

Kojic acid crystal under microscope (can be seen through screen)

Ms Farliahati and Ms Zuharlida adjusting the kojic acid image on screen

Kojic acid under microscope (picture taken through eyepiece)

Kojic acid cystal (long crystal)

Kojic acid production in 10 L Bioreactor (part 3)

10 L bioreactor in Biotech 3 (UPM)

Based on previous research done by our principal researchers, kojic acid production can be optimized at particular pH, temperature and dissolve oxygen tension (DOT)

The media inside this bioreactor have been steriled and ready to start the fermentation process

Kojic acid production in 10 L Bioreactor (part 2)

Transfering medium into bioreactor

Connecting acid, base and antifoam bottles to the bioreactor (picture of Ms Farlihati and Ms Liyana)

10 L bioreactor in Fermentation Technology Unit (FTU)

10 L bioreactor (second view)

Controlling parameter during fermentation process

Kojic acid production in 10 L Bioreactor

Medium preparation in sterile condition (under laminar air flow)

Respective medium sterile outside bioreactor system

Checking for contamination and spores count

Counting number of spores

Haemacytometer

Kojic Acid Production in 5 L Bioreactor (Part 2)

Medium sterilization at 121 C for 15 min

Spore suspension used for kojic acid production

Empty bioreactor vessel after cleaning

Ports for pH and DO probes

Kojic Acid Production in 5 L Bioreactor

Probes: pH, temperature and DOT

Medium in 5 L Bioreactor

Safety jaket during sterilization

Controller: DOT, temperature, agitation and pH

Controller: Optimal agitation for optimal kojic acid production

Mono-spore Isolation (Part 2)

All plates incubated at suitable temperature for optimal growth

White colony can be seen after 24 hr

Agar preparation is an inportant step in this strain maintanance

Media need to be autoclaved before used for subculture

Sterile condition is an important step in most of bioprocess industry including kojic acid production

Mono-spore Isolation

Mono-colony isolation using microbiological method

Mono-colony has already form an 'island'. However, at this stage the it is not suitable for mono-colony isolation (5th day incubation)

The strain's morphology after streaking (4th day incubation)

All mono-colony incubated in the incubator up to 1 week

This white mono-colony can be seen for isolation (24 hr)